Kata Ganti Subjek, Objek, Kata Sifat Kepemilikan, dan Kata Ganti Kepemilikan (Subject, Object, Possessive Adjectives, and Possessive Pronouns)
Di pelajaran sebelumnya, kita belajar:
I → me
he → him
she → her
we → us
they → them
Tapi bahasa Inggris punya lebih banyak bentuk.
Contoh:
I → me → my → mine
Kata-kata ini berkaitan, tapi punya peran berbeda dalam kalimat.
Let's make it simple.
Mari kita buat ini sederhana.
🔤 1. Empat bentuknya
Ada empat jenis penting yang perlu dipelajari:
- Subject pronoun
- Object pronoun
- Possessive adjective
- Possessive pronoun
Jangan khawatir soal istilah-istilah yang terdengar rumit.
Pertama, perhatikan tabel ini:
| Subjek | Objek | Possessive adjective | Possessive pronoun |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | my | mine |
| you | you | your | yours |
| he | him | his | his |
| she | her | her | hers |
| it | it | its | — |
| we | us | our | ours |
| they | them | their | theirs |
Kamu tidak perlu memahami semuanya sekaligus.
We'll look at each one.
Kita akan lihat masing-masing.
📘 2. Kata ganti subjek
Kita sudah pelajari ini di pelajaran sebelumnya.
Subjek melakukan tindakan.
I like coffee.
Saya suka kopi.
She helps me.
Dia membantu saya.
They play football.
Mereka main sepak bola.
Kata ganti subjek:
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Pikirkan:
Subject = siapa yang melakukan tindakan?
🧩 3. Kata ganti objek
Objek menerima tindakan.
She helps me.
Dia membantu saya.
I like him.
Saya suka dia (laki-laki).
They know her.
Mereka kenal dia (perempuan).
We help them.
Kami membantu mereka.
Kata ganti objek:
me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Pikirkan:
Object = siapa yang menerima tindakan?
🔍 4. Sekarang mari bicara soal kepemilikan
Kepemilikan berarti sesuatu adalah milik seseorang.
Contoh:
This is my book.
Ini buku saya.
The book belongs to me.
Buku itu milik saya.
This is John's car.
Ini mobil John.
The car belongs to John.
Mobil itu milik John.
Bahasa Inggris punya dua cara umum untuk membicarakan kepemilikan:
my book
and
The book is mine.
Buku itu milik saya.
Keduanya menunjukkan bahwa buku itu milik saya.
🧠 5. Kata sifat kepemilikan (possessive adjective)
Kata-kata ini menunjukkan milik siapa sesuatu itu.
Yaitu:
my
your
his
her
its
our
their
Contoh-contoh:
My book
Your phone
His car
Her bag
Our house
Their teacher
Yang penting adalah:
Possessive adjective + kata benda
Contoh:
my book
your car
her phone
their house
Kata benda muncul setelah possessive adjective.
🗂️ 6. My
My berarti sesuatu milik saya.
This is my book.
Ini buku saya.
That is my phone.
Itu ponsel saya.
She is my sister.
Dia saudara perempuan saya.
Perhatikan:
my + kata benda
Jadi:
my book
my car
my house
my friend
Bukan:
saat kamu mau memakainya sendiri (tanpa kata benda).
🎯 7. Your
Your berarti sesuatu milik kamu.
This is your book.
Ini bukumu.
Is that your phone?
Apakah itu ponselmu?
I like your car.
Saya suka mobilmu.
Sekali lagi:
your + kata benda
💬 8. His
His berarti sesuatu milik dia (laki-laki).
This is his car.
Ini mobilnya (dia laki-laki).
That is his phone.
Itu ponselnya (dia laki-laki).
I know his brother.
Saya kenal saudara laki-lakinya (dia laki-laki).
🔤 9. Her
Her bisa berarti sesuatu milik dia (perempuan) saat dipakai sebelum kata benda.
This is her bag.
Ini tasnya (dia perempuan).
That is her house.
Itu rumahnya (dia perempuan).
I like her dress.
Saya suka gaunnya (dia perempuan).
Ingat, her punya dua peran:
I like her. → object pronoun
Saya suka dia. → object pronoun
I like her bag. → possessive adjective
Saya suka tasnya (dia perempuan). → possessive adjective
Bentuk katanya sama, tapi perannya berbeda.
📘 10. Our
Our berarti sesuatu milik kami/kita.
This is our house.
Ini rumah kami.
They are our friends.
Mereka teman-teman kami.
We love our school.
Kami suka sekolah kami.
🧩 11. Their
Their berarti sesuatu milik mereka.
This is their car.
Ini mobil mereka.
That is their house.
Itu rumah mereka.
I know their parents.
Saya kenal orang tua mereka.
Ingat:
they → their
Bukan:
✅ their car
🔍 12. Possessive adjective butuh kata benda
Ini salah satu aturan yang paling penting.
Setelah possessive adjective, biasanya ada kata benda.
my book
your phone
his car
her bag
our house
their dog
Pikirkan:
my + benda
your + benda
their + benda
🧠 13. Kata ganti kepemilikan (possessive pronoun)
Possessive pronoun juga menunjukkan kepemilikan.
Yaitu:
mine
yours
his
hers
ours
theirs
Kita memakainya tanpa kata benda setelahnya.
Contoh:
This book is mine.
Buku ini milik saya.
Kita tidak mengatakan:
Kita mengatakan:
Ini buku saya.
atau:
Buku ini milik saya.
🗂️ 14. My vs. mine
Ini sangat penting.
My + kata benda
This is my book.
Ini buku saya.
Mine = tidak ada kata benda setelahnya
This book is mine.
Buku ini milik saya.
Bandingkan:
This is my phone.
Ini ponsel saya.
This phone is mine.
Ponsel ini milik saya.
Keduanya berarti ponsel itu milik saya.
🎯 15. Your vs. yours
Your + kata benda
Is this your bag?
Apakah ini tasmu?
Yours = tanpa kata benda
Is this bag yours?
Apakah tas ini punyamu?
Bandingkan:
This is your car.
Ini mobilmu.
This car is yours.
Mobil ini milikmu.
💬 16. His
His itu mudah karena bisa berfungsi sebagai possessive adjective maupun possessive pronoun.
His + kata benda
This is his car.
Ini mobilnya (dia laki-laki).
His = tanpa kata benda
This car is his.
Mobil ini miliknya (dia laki-laki).
🔤 17. Her vs. hers
Ini pasangan penting lainnya.
Her + kata benda
This is her bag.
Ini tasnya (dia perempuan).
Hers = tanpa kata benda
This bag is hers.
Tas ini miliknya (dia perempuan).
Bandingkan:
That is her phone.
Itu ponselnya (dia perempuan).
That phone is hers.
Ponsel itu miliknya (dia perempuan).
📘 18. Our vs. ours
Our + kata benda
This is our house.
Ini rumah kami.
Ours = tanpa kata benda
This house is ours.
Rumah ini punya kami.
🧩 19. Their vs. theirs
Their + kata benda
This is their car.
Ini mobil mereka.
Theirs = tanpa kata benda
This car is theirs.
Mobil ini milik mereka.
🔍 20. Cara termudah mengingat perbedaannya
Perhatikan apa yang muncul setelah kata itu.
Possessive adjective
my + kata benda
your + kata benda
his + kata benda
her + kata benda
our + kata benda
their + kata benda
Contoh-contoh:
my book
her phone
their house
Possessive pronoun
Setelah kata itu tidak ada kata benda.
mine
yours
his
hers
ours
theirs
Contoh-contoh:
The book is mine.
Buku itu milik saya.
The phone is hers.
Ponsel itu miliknya (dia perempuan).
The house is theirs.
Rumah itu milik mereka.
🧠 21. Satu kalimat berisi semua poin pentingnya
Perhatikan:
I like my car. The car is mine.
Saya suka mobil saya. Mobil itu punya saya.
Di sini:
I = subject
→ I do the action.
my = possessive adjective
→ my + car
mine = possessive pronoun
→ tidak ada kata benda setelahnya.
Contoh lain:
She likes her phone. The phone is hers.
Dia suka ponselnya. Ponsel itu punya dia.
She = subject
her = possessive adjective
hers = possessive pronoun
🗂️ 22. They, their, dan theirs
Ketiga kata ini gampang tertukar.
They
Subject:
They have a car.
Mereka punya mobil.
They melakukan tindakan.
Their
Possessive adjective:
Their car is new.
Mobil mereka baru.
Their + kata benda.
Theirs
Possessive pronoun:
The car is theirs.
Mobil itu punya mereka.
Tidak ada kata benda setelah theirs.
Jadi:
They have their car.
Mereka punya mobil mereka.
The car is theirs.
Mobil itu punya mereka.
🎯 23. We, our, dan ours
We have a house.
Kami punya rumah.
Our house is big.
Rumah kami besar.
The house is ours.
Rumah itu milik kami.
Ingat:
we = subject
our = our + kata benda
ours = kepemilikan, tanpa kata benda
💬 24. I, my, dan mine
I have a book.
Saya punya buku.
My book is new.
Buku saya baru.
The book is mine.
Buku itu milik saya.
Ingat:
I = subject
my = my + kata benda
mine = kepemilikan, tanpa kata benda
🔤 25. He, his, dan him
Ketiga kata ini bisa membingungkan.
He likes his car.
Dia (laki-laki) suka mobilnya.
I like him.
Saya suka dia (laki-laki).
Di sini:
He = subject
→ He does the action.
his = possessive adjective
→ his + car
him = object
→ him menerima tindakan.
Dan:
The car is his.
Mobil itu miliknya (dia laki-laki).
Di sini his adalah possessive pronoun.
Jadi his bisa dipakai dengan dua cara:
his + kata benda → his car
kata benda + is his → The car is his.
📘 26. She, her, dan hers
She likes her car.
Dia (perempuan) suka mobilnya.
I like her.
Saya suka dia (perempuan).
The car is hers.
Mobil itu miliknya (dia perempuan).
Di sini:
she = subject
her car = possessive adjective + kata benda
her = object
hers = possessive pronoun
🧩 27. Lebih dari satu orang
Ingat subjek jamak dari pelajaran kita sebelumnya.
My sisters = they
Jadi:
They like their house.
Mereka suka rumah mereka.
Dan:
The house is theirs.
Rumah itu milik mereka.
Contoh lain:
John and Paul have a car.
John dan Paul punya mobil.
John and Paul = they
Jadi:
They have their car.
Mereka punya mobil mereka.
The car is theirs.
Mobil itu punya mereka.
🔍 28. “My sister and I”
Ingat:
My sister and I = we
Jadi:
We like our house.
Kami suka rumah kami.
Bukan:
if the house belongs to us.
kalau rumah itu milik kami.
Dan:
The house is ours.
Rumah itu milik kami.
Jadi:
My sister and I → we → our → ours
🧠 29. Tabel lengkapnya
| Orang | Subjek | Objek | Possessive adjective | Possessive pronoun |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| me | I | me | my | mine |
| you | you | you | your | yours |
| male | he | him | his | his |
| female | she | her | her | hers |
| thing | it | it | its | — |
| us | we | us | our | ours |
| them | they | them | their | theirs |
Untuk pemula, fokuslah pada yang ini:
I → me → my → mine
he → him → his → his
she → her → her → hers
we → us → our → ours
they → them → their → theirs
🗂️ 30. Kesalahan yang sering terjadi
✅ I like my car.
Saya suka mobil saya.
I adalah subjeknya.
✅ I like him.
Saya suka dia (laki-laki).
Him adalah objeknya.
✅ This is my car.
Ini mobil saya.
Pakai my + kata benda.
✅ This car is mine.
Mobil ini milik saya.
Pakai mine kalau tidak ada kata benda setelahnya.
✅ They like their car.
Mereka suka mobil mereka.
Pakai their + kata benda.
✅ The car is theirs.
Mobil itu punya mereka.
Tidak ada kata benda setelah theirs.
✅ She likes him.
Dia (perempuan) suka dia (laki-laki).
Kalau dia (perempuan) menyukai orang laki-laki itu, pakai him.
✅ She likes her bag.
Dia (perempuan) suka tasnya.
Pakai her + kata benda.
🎯 31. Satu trik yang sangat mudah
Tanyakan pada diri sendiri:
Apakah orang itu melakukan tindakan?
→ Subject
They help me.
Mereka membantu saya.
Apakah orang itu menerima tindakan?
→ Object
I help them.
Saya membantu mereka.
Apakah kata itu langsung muncul sebelum kata benda dan menunjukkan kepemilikan?
→ Possessive adjective
Their car
Apakah itu menunjukkan kepemilikan tanpa kata benda setelahnya?
→ Possessive pronoun
The car is theirs.
Mobil itu punya mereka.
💬 32. Empat pertanyaan
Kalau kamu bingung, tanyakan empat pertanyaan ini:
🔤 33. Siapa yang melakukan tindakan?
→ I / you / he / she / it / we / they
📘 34. Siapa yang menerima tindakan?
→ me / you / him / her / it / us / them
🧩 35. Whose + kata benda?
→ my / your / his / her / its / our / their
🔍 36. Whose, tanpa kata benda?
→ mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs
🧠 37. Contoh-contoh yang paling penting
Hafalkan pola-pola ini:
I like her car.
Saya suka mobilnya (dia perempuan).
The car is hers.
Mobil itu miliknya (dia perempuan).
They help us with our work.
Mereka membantu kami dengan pekerjaan kami.
The work is ours.
Pekerjaan itu milik kami.
He likes my phone.
Dia suka ponsel saya.
The phone is mine.
Ponsel itu milik saya.
She knows them and likes their house.
Dia kenal mereka dan suka rumah mereka.
The house is theirs.
Rumah itu milik mereka.
Panduan cepat untuk mengingat
Subject
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Melakukan tindakan
Object
me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Menerima tindakan
Possessive adjective
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Muncul sebelum kata benda
my book
their car
Possessive pronoun
mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
Dipakai tanpa kata benda setelahnya
The book is mine.
Buku itu milik saya.
The car is theirs.
Mobil itu punya mereka.
✏️ 38. Latihan — Pilih Bentuk yang Benar
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📝 39. Latihan — Pilih My atau Mine / Her atau Hers / Their atau Theirs
👀 Show answer
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🧩 40. Latihan — Lengkapi Kalimatnya
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🔁 41. Latihan — Perbaiki Kesalahannya
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Ini ponsel saya.
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Tas biru itu punya dia (perempuan).
👀 Show answer
Mereka suka gurunya.